Proteoglycans are specilaized molecules that have a protein at their core with sulfate as side chains. Proteoglycans are essential for healthy cartilage because they attract and hold water, which lubricates and nourishes the cartilage. Therefore, proteoglycans are the "cement" that holds cartilage together. Proteoglycans break down with age. Glucosamine is a building block of proteoglycans. Glucosamine plays an important role in determining how much proteoglycanis produced by the chondrocytes. If sufficient amount of glucosamine is present, water-carrying proteoglycans will be produced and not only the joint will be properly lubricated but it will also receive proper nutrients to keep it healthy. If lesser amounts of glucosamine are present, clearly, the joint will suffer. Numerous published studies demonstrate that glucosamine has beneficial effects on joint cartilage. What is important is that glucosamine is a safe nutrient that is well tolerated and can be taken continuously for longer-term joint support. Frequently Asked Questions How much glucosamine should I take? The amounts of glucosamine used in clinical trails have routinely been three dosages per day of 500 mg. That is, 1500 mg of glucosamine each day is the standard amount, which has proven to be effective in numerous clinical trials. It should be noted, however, that individuals who are taking diuretics may need to increase the dosage to compensate for its reduced effectiveness. Are there any side effects? In clinical trials, glucosamine has been found to have no side effects and it is well tolerated. In animal experiments, the safety of glucosamine has been demonstrated. Can I take it with other medications? As noted above, people on diuretics should increase the dosage. In case of prescribed medications, your primary care physician may be the best source of advice.