waderow
08-01-2009, 12:46 PM
^agreed. pretty hardcore.
heres a journal from a guy that was on Steroid Encyclopaedia I think. I got banned but stole a few articles first ****s....
anyways
Tiger’s DNP Journal
I wrote the following DNP Journal to share my results and experience with that component. Although I am a medical student, it did not stop me from thoroughly researching the implications of DNP. It has a reputation to be very efficient, but also very dangerous. My study field only helped me understand better the effects of DNP as I was researching it, in books and Internet. Preparing yourself is super important, and I did not botch that part.
In spite of its dangerous reputation, it didn’t stop me. I read, read, read. Then asked around what was unclear. I compiled a list of supplements and helpful information, and did a daily plan of what to take and when. This journal sort of puts that together; hopefully you will find it helpful.
I’d like to emphasize the fact that I am by no way an expert in this area. I have tried ECA, Clen and T3, as well as SesaPure, Glucorell and Thermorexin (all three together yielded no results at all). The first was the most successful, although still disappointing. Clen gave very little results (even though I was using Spiropent) and I was barely feeling any side effects @ 120mcg per day. I seem to have a very high tolerance to anabolics. This is why I was excited about DNP.
Preparation and planning
My stats at the beginning:
Weight | Height | %Bf
-------------------------------
103kg | 1m86cm | 27
227lb | 6'0'' | 27
I planned a 25 days cycle. Although I experienced high tolerance to anabolic in the past, I still opted for a slow beginning. First to let my body adapt, second to verify if I had an allergy to DNP. I had some Benadryl here ready to be taken if that was the case. My cycle was planned like this:
Day 1-3: 200mg
Day 4-25: 400mg (in two doses, 1 AM, 1 PM)
The idea behind a lower dose but longer cycle is that the side effects (lethargy for example) are not as present if at all present, and literature suggest it is the most productive way of taking DNP.
What I absolutely did not do during the cycle:
1) Consume any amount of alcohol
2) Stay in hot area for any long period of time
I drank from 4 to 6 liters of water per day, as well a vegetable juice (V8) in the amount of 500ml per day, approx.
I tried to keep an average isocaloric diet, with slightly higher carbs than the rest. I avoided very fat food (like fast food) in my everyday diet, but I did have some nonetheless (twice in fact).
Supplementation
Probably the most important part of all. Before starting I ordered and got everything I needed. The literature defers a lot in that area, so anything that was mentioned at least twice was included in my dietary supplementation.
Morning | Afternoon | Evening
-------------------------------------------------------------------
400IU Vitamin E | 400IU Vitamin E | 400IU Vitamin E
1g Vitamin C | 1g Vitamin C | 1g Vitamin C
15ml Glycerol | 15ml Glycerol | 15ml Glycerol
ECA* | ECA* | ECA*
300mg Potassium | 300mg Potassium | 300mg Potassium
Gluconate | Gluconate | Gluconate
--------------------------------------------------------------------
* 200mg Caffeine, 325mg Aspirin, 24mg Ephedrine
Everything was ordered on the net together except the Glycerol which was obtained in a pharmacy. The Glycerol was a bitch to take…it tastes like grade A shit. I found that 15ml of the stuff, dilated in about 50ml of something very sweet (Coke for example) is the easiest way to take it. Taking it alone or in water means puking. You have been warned.
I was suppose to add Pyruvate here but because USPS messed up and I got it way too late into my cycle and decided to go without it.
Day 1-3
Nothing to say… I took my supplements and just like any other anabolic, I didn’t feel a thing with the 200mg of DNP. I had to start taking Benadryl a few days prior to starting the DNP cycle because of summer allergies… so I guess I will never know if I was allergic to DNP.
I’ve been drinking around 4,5L of water per day, as well as around 1L of Ice Tea, and 500ml of V8. That is around of 6L of liquid alone, and coupled with the Glycerol… well, I literally pee every 15 minutes, and my urine is crystal clear, which means I’m urinating only excess water. I forgot to take my Glycerol on the evening of day 3 and noticed it affected my hydration level a lot: my pee took back its usual pale yellowish color the next morning and I no longer had to go pee every 20 minutes. This shows the importance of the Glycerol, and that in spite of its awful taste, it works well.
Day 4
It was my first day @ 400mg and I was expecting excessive sweating: in vain. There was definitely something happening though. I could feel my body working at a higher pace. My stomach growled all day: I didn’t feel at all that hungry. For example, here is what I ate:
Morning:
1x bowl of Special K w/ Dark Chocolate bits cereal. 1x small glass of orange juice
Afternoon:
White rice with chicken in plum sauce with other vegetables. Enough that I was full.
Afternoon snack:
Special K chocolate cereal bar
Evening:
Homemade cheeseburger burger with homemade French fries.
I couldn’t tell how much calories this was, but it’s about the same intake every day, and I did not specifically increased it for the DNP cycle duration. I suppose ECA helped appetite suppression. In any case, I felt no lethargy. A little bit of sweating perhaps. The weather has been exceptionally cold since I started (18C-24C outside) but I have an A/C unit with a fan here once temperatures go up again.
As for my sleep, I have not needed any Melatonin at all, I sleep just fine.
Day 5
I was curious this morning to see if I had lost anything so far. I know the first three days on DNP are slow, while carbs are being depleted and I’m on a relatively low dose anyway. So after I woke up, had my morning visit to the bathroom, I undressed and stepped on the scale: I couldn’t believe it.
101.4kg , 25% Bf. That’s already almost a 2kg loss and 2% BF loss in 4 days… I still can’t believe it, it’s actually 1lb/per day as the legend tells, and I haven’t felt any of the bad side effects yet. Hopefully I didn’t jinx myself and it will stay so effective *knock on wood*.
***
It’s now 4 :51PM and OH MY GOD. I ate my lunch at 14h00 today since I woke up early and I started sweating a lot about 45min after I ate. And I had to take a nap because I got so tired … after the nap I was still sweating but I wasn’t tired anymore. I did jinxed myself… whatever
Day 6
I have tried to drink more water today, and it did help. I felt less lethargy, in fact almost none at all, after my lunch. I keep a fan blowing on me while I work to stay comfortable. I keep taking my temperature every 2 hours – but I think my thermometer is of the el-cheapo brand. It says my temp is 36.1C which would suggest hypothermia. I’m definitely not in a hypothermia state!
Something I haven’t mentioned yet: DNP cycles will benefit from eating carbs, lots of carbs. They are the activating factor. But the literature suggests you benefit more from simple carbs than complex ones. Hence, during the week, I eat the best simple carb source: fruits. They’re healthy and good for the DNP cycle.
During the week-end, I eat candies and chocolate – another source of simple carbs. It feels weird because they hold a lot of calories and seem to go against the purpose of doing a DNP cycle, which is losing weight. But if I don’t allow myself to eat some chocolate or sweets, I’m afraid I’ll develop a strong craving for it, which wouldn’t do me any good. So eating fruits during the week, and candies during the week-end, brings some sort of balance to my appetite and cravings and is fruitful to my DNP cycle.
19h27 –
The lethargy and sweating hit me about 2 hours ago. (Had lunch at 15h30 approx). I napped for an hour and after I woke up I had to put the A/C on, although room temperature is only 24.7C. I just feel warm and not too well.
22h00-
Holy Batman ! The sweating have been constant since my 2nd 200mg dose this afternoon. Since I had been fairly resistant to T3, Clen and ECA, I would have thought the sweating would stay as they were at day 4 and 5, even though the literature said it could take 6-7 days for the sides to really kick in.
Lethargy is no longer present at all. It seems to really hit me for an hour only, about one hour I ingest my 2nd 200mg dose. But I guess the sweating I now feel (I actually don’t sweat a lot. In fact, when I was at my most athletic about 3 years ago with 4 Volleyball practices a week and 3 times at the gym, I never sweated a lot. I never even sweat a lot even when my pulse is in the 130 and I’m doing extensive cardio. I’m just really sticky and wet all over my body, but I’m not actually dripping. In fact, it’s how I feel after a long cardio session. That tells me DNP is working.) will be like this for the whole cycle. I have turned on the A/C and plan to keep it on at nights. With the A/C on and a fan, I’m comfortable. I even just finished cleaning the whole apartment! As I said, no lethargy.
Also great is that I am able to greatly concentrate to revise for my exams. I was afraid DNP would come in the way. It’s not affecting my ability to work or do my usual daily activities. But as I said, A/C is absolutely required.
Finally, I *really* need to eat as soon as I’m a bit hungry, otherwise I start feeling very weak and tired. Nuts, fruits and water are always available to me. I guess with the ECA enhancing the DNP’s effects, it is to be expected.
Day 8
Yesterday the sweating started right after the first dose for the first time since I began the cycle, which wasn’t that surprising at all. They have not increased and are as described on day 6. The biggest problem is insomnia. I haven’t figured yet how to set the A/C all night at a comfortable setting. It’s loud and too cold, so I find myself being under the drapes for 1 hour, them I’m too hot and go on top, rinse, repeat. I took one 3mg Melatonin capsule the last two days before bed, and although it helped me to go o sleep the first time, if I wake up during the night (which I did both nights, often) its effects are already gone.
I can only imagine how uncomfortable one must feel on a 600mg dose – my god. I feel quite tired today, but possibly due more to the bad sleep I got (in fact almost none at all) the past two nights than lethargy caused by DNP. During the day while I study or work with A/C and a fan on me there is no real discomfort. I am sticky sure, but it’s nothing as bad as some people described (dripping on the floor for example).
I just hope I can find a way to sleep comfortably soon, because I will otherwise not be able to stick to my plan and go another 17 days without sleep. Quite unfortunate, since any other side effects are more than tolerable.
Day 10
Lethargy hasn’t been a problem at all since the sweating has been constant from morning to evening. Whether this is because my body adapted or something else I could not say – I haven’t changed supplementation at all.
This morning I was alarmed because the scale still showed 101kg/25% bf. However I noticed augmentation in water retention. According to the scale, I’ve had an increase of 3,5% in water retention, which equals to about 3kg more of additional water being held than normally. This should clear out within 7 days after the cycle ended.
Day 14
I’ve passed the half cycle mark, and I have not felt any lethargy since day 6. Although I do not officially weight myself except every 5 days (tomorrow will be noted down), I have noted a dramatic increase in fat loss effect for the past 3-4 days. The only possible explanation: T3 has been fully used and depleted in my body. This means enhanced effects, but bad for liver for the next 11 days or so., which is why I would be VERY reluctant to do more than 25 days.
Just for the heck of it I weighted myself after dinner. Since I passed the last 3 days away visiting family, and had forgotten my glycerol, I did not take it for three whole days. Result: scale indicated a 22% BF (5% drop since beginning of cycle) and water level of 58% (a 8% increase than usual, ~50% on normal days). This means I’m holding about 8kg of extra water at the moment. The fact T3 depleted and I missed taking glycerol for three days (a very important component to hydration) possibly explains this drastic change. Since the scale indicated 103KG, and I had just eaten dinner (and was dressed), I estimate the scale tomorrow morning will indicate something around 100KG with a 55% water level (5kg of water), which would mean at day 15 I’d have lost around 8KG in fat (around 17.6lbs), which is close to the ‘’advertised’’ 1lbs-1.5lbs fat loss per day. Not so surprising since I am taking an ECA stack with the DNP.
So is it working? Apparently, it is. Is it worth it? So far I am inclined to say so. I have felt no lethargy at all, but the sweating is constant and immensely annoying. Since you sweat all day (and I am not one to sweat a lot, those who could actually water plants after 45min of cardio will hate DNP for that) it is just very uncomfortable. A/C is for me an absolute necessity: with a fan blowing on my pores I will not be as wet (if at all) but will feel warm nonetheless. As soon as I get outside, or I’m at University studying, you can actually feel the sweat sliding down your back – a very annoying side effect. It is important to mention, although you feel warm, it doesn’t actually mean you have fever. I take my temperature every 6 hours and have never been above 37,4C even though I felt I was standing on an erupting volcano. If you do experience fever, you must stop taking DNP immediately until fever is gone.
All side effect(s) aside, needless to say, I’m looking forward end results after this cycle
Day 21
Lack of updates because I was too busy. Because I had started to feel less and less sweating and curious at seeing the effects, I added a 200mg dose in the evening to bring the total dosage to 600mg. I did sweat a lot more during my sleep, but A/C and a fan, I just stayed on top of the covers and it was ok. I noticed I sleep better on my side, because if I lie on my back, I’m guaranteed to wake up in a very wet bed the next morning.
Day 22
Since there is only 3 days left to my cycle I decided to keep up the 600mg and see where it leads me…
Day 23
Ok, no lethargy, more sweating for sure. I have neglected my glycerol a lot in the past 10 days, sometimes forgetting it 2 times out of 3, and I’ve noticed the DNP to be less effective. I suspect my DNP to be either a little under dosed, or I don’t eat enough carbs (I try to eat a lot of fruits for simple carbs ).
I’m anxious to see results at the end of the cycle.
Day 25
Yesterday was my last day because I got food poisoning and threw up a few times during the night my dinner. It was actually pasta from a very good restaurant, but I was not aware they were 2 days from closing for 1 month summer vacation: I properly got some old sauce or something. Anyway since I was already pretty dehydrated after the throwing up and weak, I stopped the cycle one day short. Would have been the stupidest thing ever to take DNP after being sick. I pondered about the idea of maybe if it was the DNP that made me sick, but my symptoms were really of food poisoning. I re-hydrated myself slowly, re-balanced electrolytes and one day later I was back to normal.
I will wait around a week before releasing the journal, I need to give my body time to stabilize and water retention to become normal again.
5 days post-cycle
My stats post-cycle:
Weight | Height | %Bf
--------------------------
94.4kg | 1m86cm| 23
208lbs | 6'0'' | 23
My BF has settled at 23% and my weight at around 95KG. I am a bit disappointed, but not entirely. I mean towards the end I didn’t watch what I ate carefully, I pretty mucha te anything I wanted and try to eat as much simple carbs from fruits as possible.
I’ve lost 8KG which is around 18lbs in 24 days, which turns out to be around 0.75lbs of fat loss per day. My BF is still high though, I’m surprised I didn’t lose more than that, but again – my scale was only 100EUR so it’s not actually the most accurate tool.
Conclusion
Can I say my DNP cycle was worth it ? Absolutely. 18 pounds in 24 days is still impressive (even if not on part with the 1lb/day legend).
A resume of my side effects:
- Sweating
- Partial Insomnia
That’s it. I want to say something about insomnia. I did sleep, but never very deep and well. This past week I have had marvelous nights of sleep, in fact one night I was so deep asleep that the three alarms I had set never woke me, as well as my friend who called me on my phone, and as well as the mailman who rang at my door to try and deliver a package. Usually the buzzer makes me jump because it’s so loud… I was never that hard asleep in my entire life. If you are familiar with sleep cycles, there is a light, medium and deep level for every cycle, and each cycle renders particular brain functions. The deepest level is what allows maximum resting and is when we dream the most. During the night you go through a few of those cycles. I believe the DNP kept me from ever reaching the deep level of all my sleep cycles (if not all many) because of the sweating and the high metabolic activity (reaching the deepest level requires a particular heartbeat and metabolic speed). It really showed post cycle ….
I felt no lethargy except the first days. Sweating was by far the most annoying factor. I am not one to sweat a lot, and since it was revision time, I was almost at home in the A/C in a cold room, so I didn’t sweat. But as soon as I got out, it would start. Nights were also annoying since you can never sleep fully well, but I never felt exhausted nor tired, just not over the top relaxed like when you had one of those amazing night sleep.
People are afraid of DNP because they don’t understand. There is no physical possibility for DNP to kill you by its mechanism alone, rather the side effect it creates which is severe dehydration because of it intervenes directly within the mitochondria’s Krebs cycle of ATP production (google NA/k ATPase or Krebs cycle to understand more how it works) rather than through hormonal messages like ECA or Clen works. Therefore, if you’re not an idiot and are aware of the extreme importance of hydrating (through liquid glycerol or glycerol effervescent tablets (used in patients recuperating from severe dehydration after severe diarrhea for example)) and avoid diuretics there is no real danger.
The only real danger is idiocy or a severe overdose. Both factors are dangerous for many other anabolic or drug. I have to say after having using it; I don’t understand the paranoia behind it.
Finally because I do yearly clinical immersion for weeks, I had a blood test made post cycle, and everything looked OK.
My next cycle
Because of T3 depletion, the liver has it at its hardest. I am no expert in anabolics or steroids but since I am a medical student I do know how the naturally produced hormones affect the body. Although T3 suppression for a short while (in my case around 12 days) will not kill the thyroid gland nor put me in a state of hypothyroidism, the fact the body doesn’t have T4 or T3 for a while (T3 is the physiology active hormone) affects some organs (nothing extreme). I will leave at least 30 days before my next cycle, and after 10 days my thyroid functions should have returned to normal.
Meanwhile I need to analyze what I did wrong and try to be more efficient… perhaps a 14 days cycle this time, with day 1-2 on 400mg, then days 3-14 on 600mg. Since I didn’t sweat more with 400 vs 600 (I just sweat longer during the night) I could minimize the annoyance of having 24 days of sweating and supplement taking. Besides, it’s easier to stay on the carb plan and remain disciplined for 14 days then 24 days!
Your comments
Let me know what you think I did wrong or could have done better. What could I do to enhance my next cycle?
Feel free to share your own experience and your results here, the more information there is the less risk for unnecessary accidents.
2,4 Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), magical diet or deathly poisson
2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP),is a cellular metabolic poison. It uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by carrying protons across the mitochondrial membrane, leading to a rapid consumption of energy without generation of ATP.
Dinitrophenols as a class of compounds, of which there are six members, do not occur naturally but are all manufactured compounds.
2,4-DNP is a yellow solid with no smell. It is used in making dyes, wood preservatives, explosives, insect control substances, and other chemicals, and as a photographic developer.
It was used in diet pills in the 1930s but was banned for this use in 1938. It may be sold under several trade names, including Caswell No. 392, Sulfo Black B, and Nitro Kleenup. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the Public Health Service, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Hystory of 2,4-DNP
Competitive bodybuilders and many others are continually on a quest for leanness. Used by the hardcore since Dan Duchaine’s reporting of it a couple years ago, DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol) has managed to steadily gain popularity as a powerful tool for weight loss. Interestingly, DNP was first used to ignite TNT in the early 1900’s. In 1931 a study released by Stanford University declared that DNP was able to cause amazing weight loss; subsequently it found its way into many diet potions and medications; regulation was much less strict during this time than the present, and many of these products were available over the counter. Two years later DNP was banned by the FDA as a dieting agent due to its inclusion in many OTC dietary supplements. The FDA was a new organization at this time and acted in a rather brazen manner, with the absence of any set procedures for taking substances off the market. Granted, there was only a 1% incidence of cataracts over a large population (around 100,000); nonetheless it happened (although interestingly, exclusively women). However, there are now ways to counter this which will be covered thoroughly.
The comparisons to the current drugs used for dieting are astounding, at least in terms of thermogenesis. While the ECA stack has been shown to provide approximately a 3% increase in metabolic rate, DNP can deliver a relatively controlled 50% elevation in resting metabolic rate. The thermogenic aspect of clenbuterol, while sometimes overestimated due to the high CNS stimulation that yields a “wired” feeling, can vary according to prior exposure to various amphetamine-like compounds and certainly is not much greater than that of ECA. DNP does not have the anorectic effects of ephedrine or other thermogenic agents; rather, it tends to increase hunger, particularly appetite for carbohydrates. This problem is easily solved with appetite suppressants, and one may even use ECA itself for this purpose while on DNP.
Pharmacological action of 2,4-DNP
DNP accomplishes the astounding boost in metabolic rate via inhibition of the F0F1 ATP synthase molecule, located in the inner wall of each mitochondrion. While the electron transport chain still functions to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space, the coupling of the proton gradient to ATP production is rendered impossible by DNP. As a result, ATP production is dramatically reduced, and the energy is instead thrown off as heat. This results in an astounding production of heat; when using dinitrophenol, the athlete will radiate so much heat that it is uncomfortable to be within any proximity of them. Luckily, this heat does not fully contribute to body temperature increases, and is instead thrown off from the entire body surface, particularly the head. As a result, adequate doses of DNP will usually only elevate body temperature by about 1-1.5ºC. This is a good thing for your central nervous system and other delicate tissues; if the heat produced by ATP contributed in a more direct matter to body temperature, effective doses for fat loss would cause supraphysiological body temperature increases on a level unwitnessed at this time. Nonetheless, overheating is a very real danger; this and other side effects shall be addressed.
Concerns about dangerous side-effects and rapidly developing cataracts resulted in DNP being discontinued in the United States by the end of 1938. DNP, however, continues to be used by some bodybuilders and athletes to rapidly lose body fat. Fatal overdoses are rare, but are still reported on occasion.
While DNP itself is considered by many to be too risky for human use, its mechanism of action remains under investigation as a potential approach for treating obesity. Currently, research is being conducted on uncoupling proteins naturally found in humans.
Risks and Side Effects of using 2,4-DNP
Hearing all of these wonderful things probably has you wondering what the side effects and risks are. They are quite formidable and contribute to making DNP one of the most intolerable (though effective) drugs used in bodybuilding. Starting with the most significant, and descending in importance, are the following risks and side effects of DNP use.
Risks:
1. Overheating - There is no upper limit to DNP’s body temperature increase, meaning that one may literally “cook from the inside” if they take too much. Dosage considerations will be given later, but even an overdose of 4-6 times the recommended dosage may be lethal.
Much smaller overdoses may result in damage to the brain and/or other body systems.
2. Carcinogenesis - Phenols in general are reputed to be carcinogenic. Although 2,4-dinitrophenol has never been implicated in a cancer diagnosis, some are nonetheless concerned, and understandably so. In addition to the inherent carcinogenic potential caused by its status as a phenol, production of free radicals and the release of various compounds stored in adipose tissue stores during DNP’s rapid oxidation of fat may also potentially be harmful.
3. Death - This is self-explanatory and has occurred with several bodybuilders who chose to use this compound.
Side Effects:
1. Discomfort and sweating - This is the single most noticeable effect of DNP use, both by the user and those around him/her. Even in the winter, while indoors at ambient temperatures, one may expect his or her shirt to be completely soaked through with sweat. Those with jobs requiring formal or semi-formal apparel are advised to consider other means of fat loss (or a new job, if preferred). Other obvious considerations lie in the areas of social life, personal appearance, etc. and the user must prioritize.
2. Insomnia - Second in frequency of reports to sweating and discomfort is insomnia; this may be at least partially attributed to discomfort. Possible means of countering this include such supplements as Valerian root or melatonin. Alternatively, one may deal with this via prescription or OTC sleep medications or GHB-A precursors. However, these may be addictive if used on a regular basis and if their use may be avoided, by all means abstain from using them.
3. Yellow bodily fluids - Some don’t notice this, but others find that all of their bodily fluids take on a yellowish appearance. Urine is a darker yellow, and even semen and vaginal secretions may be affected. According to current knowledge, this is not known to be harmful in and of itself.
4. Muscle Soreness - This is yet another thing that may be minimized via cerebral function. Dan Duchaine has recommended using a weight such as to allow no fewer than 15 reps per set of any weight training workout; judging from anecdotal reports and personal experience, this seems to be good advice. Low levels of ATP are a cause of muscle soreness in and of itself; the additional factor of encumbered recovery mechanisms make extreme soreness (and if not careful, catabolism) quite possible.
5. Allergic Reactions – These are highly individualized but may be summarily discussed. Various reactions are common with DNP use, and approximately 10% of users will be extremely allergic to it. Allergic reactions can include hives, blisters, and/or inexplicable rashes. If you suffer any of these side effects, and they are extremely bothersome, it is the recommendation of the author to cease usage immediately. If so desired, another trial may be made at a later date with a lower dosage, but do not attempt to continue the drug cycle at that point.
6. Carbohydrate Cravings - To counter this, some methods will be touched on later. As with most diets, willpower is sometimes the single most important factor.
Sources and emissions
Sources
Sources of 2,4-dinitrophenol include manufacturing plants, mines, foundries, metal, petroleum, and dye manufacturing plants which use 2,4-dinitrophenol. It is used as a wood preservative, indicator, reagent, chemical intermediate for production of azo dyes, and in the manufacturing of photographic developers (HSDB, 1991). 2,4-Dinitrophenol is also found in motor vehicle exhaust. It also may form as a result of photochemical reaction between benzene and nitrogen monoxide in polluted air (Howard, 1990).
2,4-Dinitrophenol was registered for use as a pesticide, however as of December 31, 1991, it is no longer registered for pesticidal use in California (DPR, 1996).
Emissions
No emissions of 2,4-dinitrophenol from stationary sources in California were reported, based on data obtained from the Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program (AB 2588) (ARB, 1997b).
Natural Occurrence
No information about the natural occurrence of 2,4-dinitrophenol was found in the readily-available literature.
Ambient concentrations
No Air Resources Board data exist for ambient measurements of 2,4-dinitrophenol.
Indoor sources and concentrations
No information about the indoor sources and concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol was found in the readily-available literature.
Atmospheric persistence
In the atmosphere, 2,4-dinitrophenol may exist in the gaseous or particulate form. It may be removed by direct photolysis, by settling or washout in precipitation, or it may react in the gas-phase with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals (Howard, 1990). Based on the hydroxyl radical rate constant for 2-nitrophenol, the calculated half-life of 2-nitrophenol, due to reaction with hydroxyl radicals, is estimated to be 11 days. 2,4-Dinitrophenol is expected to be less reactive than 2-nitrophenol. 2,4-Dinitrophenol is therefore expected to be removed from the atmosphere by direct photolysis and/or wet and dry deposition (Atkinson, 1995).
2,4-Dinitrophenol emissions are not reported from stationary sources in California under the AB 2588 program. It is also not listed in the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program Revised 1992 Risk Assessment Guidelines as having health values (cancer or non-cancer) for use in risk assessments (CAPCOA, 1993).
How can dinitrophenols affect my health if I don’t use?
Most of the information on the health effects of dinitrophenols comes from old studies of patients who were prescribed diet pills containing dinitrophenol before it was banned.
Deaths have occurred in people who ingested 3-46 milligrams of dinitrophenols per kilogram of body weight per day (3-46 mg/kg/day) for short periods, or 1-4 mg/kg/day for long periods. Also, people who breathed air containing 40 mg dinitrophenols per cubic meter of air (40 mg/m3) for long periods have died.
The amount of dinitrophenols ingested that causes harmful effects varies among people. Increased basal metabolic rate (the rate that you use energy at complete rest), increased sweating, a feeling of warmth, weight loss, and increased heart rate, breathing rate, and body temperature have been observed in people who swallowed as little as 1 mg/kg/day or as much as 46 mg/kg/day for short or long periods of time.
Ingesting 2-4 mg/kg/day DNP for short or long periods has caused cataracts in some people, while ingesting 1-4 mg/kg/day for short or long periods has caused skin rashes and decreases in white blood cells.
How likely are dinitrophenols to cause cancer?
The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the EPA have not classified dinitrophenols for carcinogenicity.
There are no studies available in people or animals on the carcinogenic effects of dinitrophenols.
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