Tank
15-04-2008, 11:45 AM
Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at a dosage of 4.5 grams per day was shown in a 12-month double-blind study to help overweight adults decrease body fat mass and increase lean body mass by as much as 9 percent. This 2004 study, is the first to clearly establish the efficacy of CLA supplementation in over an extended time period without changes in exercise or diet.
Reference: Gaullier JM, Halse J, Hoye K, Kristiansen K, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6):1118-25.
Toxicol Sci 1999 Dec;52(2 Suppl):107-10
Conjugated linoleic acid and the control of cancer and obesity.
Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME
Food Research Institute, Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706-1187, USA. mwpariza@facstaff.wisc.edu
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in animals are reviewed. In most of the CLA preparations that have been investigated to date for biological activity, two CLA isomers are present in about equal concentrations: cis-9,trans-11 CLA, and trans-10,cis-12 CLA. The occurrence of these isomers in foods and their production by rumen microorganisms are discussed. Potential mechanisms of action as regards the effects of CLA on cancer and body composition are reviewed, including recent evidence that body composition changes are produced by the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer. Evidence is presented indicating that CLA may modulate cellular response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The mechanistic implications of this finding are considered.
The substance has even been shown to reduce arterial plaques by 30 percent (Science News, March 3, 2001)! Granted, the experiments were done with rabbits, but it's still compelling.
Mark Pariza, the father of CLA, recommends that you only buy products that use CLA from Loders Croklaan and Natural Inc, both of Sandvika, Norway. They test each batch to make sure that it contains at least a 50:50 mix of the two biologically active isomers. And, with time — should the cis-10, trans-12 isomer prove without a doubt that it's the one we should be looking at — manufacturers will be able to produce versions that are 100% cis-10, trans-12.
CLA researchers are guessing that they had their money on the wrong pony. At the time, most thought that the cis-9, trans-11 isomer was most biologically active. Now, however, they're starting to think that the cis-10, trans-12 isomer is the real workhorse. The thing is, most of the early CLA supplements were manufactured to contain very high amounts of the first isomer, and not the latter. Maybe future CLA supplements will correct this problem
The study, by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was presented yesterday at the American Chemical Society Meeting in Washington, D.C., by one of its lead researchers, Michael W. Pariza.
Eighty people were placed on a diet, coupled with a moderate physical exercise program. Half received about 3 grams of CLA daily, while the others took a placebo of sunflower oil. After six months, all had lost roughly 5 pounds.
About one-third of those taking CLA actually gained muscle and lost fat, Pariza says. While those taking the sunflower oil regained their weight at a ratio of about 75 percent fat to 25 percent muscle once the study finished, which is typical, those taking CLA who regained weight put on equal proportions of fat to muscle.
Ola Gudmundsen, chief executive officer of Scandinavian Clinical Research AS, presented a study that suggests CLA could help people lose weight overall, primarily by reducing fat mass.
Sixty overweight people who were not allowed to diet were randomly assigned to take either a 9-gram placebo of olive oil or 1.7 grams, 3.4 grams, 5.1 grams or 6.8 grams of CLA daily for 12 weeks. Their body fat composition was measured at the start, middle and end of that time.
"We saw that they had a significant reduction in weight in the CLA group," says Gudmundsen. "It was about 2.2 pounds in 12 weeks."
However, the researchers found that overwhelmingly, this loss was from body fat, and didn't affect overall weight or body mass index. The 3.4-gram dose appeared to be the most effective, safest dose.
Reference: Gaullier JM, Halse J, Hoye K, Kristiansen K, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6):1118-25.
Toxicol Sci 1999 Dec;52(2 Suppl):107-10
Conjugated linoleic acid and the control of cancer and obesity.
Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME
Food Research Institute, Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706-1187, USA. mwpariza@facstaff.wisc.edu
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in animals are reviewed. In most of the CLA preparations that have been investigated to date for biological activity, two CLA isomers are present in about equal concentrations: cis-9,trans-11 CLA, and trans-10,cis-12 CLA. The occurrence of these isomers in foods and their production by rumen microorganisms are discussed. Potential mechanisms of action as regards the effects of CLA on cancer and body composition are reviewed, including recent evidence that body composition changes are produced by the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer. Evidence is presented indicating that CLA may modulate cellular response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The mechanistic implications of this finding are considered.
The substance has even been shown to reduce arterial plaques by 30 percent (Science News, March 3, 2001)! Granted, the experiments were done with rabbits, but it's still compelling.
Mark Pariza, the father of CLA, recommends that you only buy products that use CLA from Loders Croklaan and Natural Inc, both of Sandvika, Norway. They test each batch to make sure that it contains at least a 50:50 mix of the two biologically active isomers. And, with time — should the cis-10, trans-12 isomer prove without a doubt that it's the one we should be looking at — manufacturers will be able to produce versions that are 100% cis-10, trans-12.
CLA researchers are guessing that they had their money on the wrong pony. At the time, most thought that the cis-9, trans-11 isomer was most biologically active. Now, however, they're starting to think that the cis-10, trans-12 isomer is the real workhorse. The thing is, most of the early CLA supplements were manufactured to contain very high amounts of the first isomer, and not the latter. Maybe future CLA supplements will correct this problem
The study, by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was presented yesterday at the American Chemical Society Meeting in Washington, D.C., by one of its lead researchers, Michael W. Pariza.
Eighty people were placed on a diet, coupled with a moderate physical exercise program. Half received about 3 grams of CLA daily, while the others took a placebo of sunflower oil. After six months, all had lost roughly 5 pounds.
About one-third of those taking CLA actually gained muscle and lost fat, Pariza says. While those taking the sunflower oil regained their weight at a ratio of about 75 percent fat to 25 percent muscle once the study finished, which is typical, those taking CLA who regained weight put on equal proportions of fat to muscle.
Ola Gudmundsen, chief executive officer of Scandinavian Clinical Research AS, presented a study that suggests CLA could help people lose weight overall, primarily by reducing fat mass.
Sixty overweight people who were not allowed to diet were randomly assigned to take either a 9-gram placebo of olive oil or 1.7 grams, 3.4 grams, 5.1 grams or 6.8 grams of CLA daily for 12 weeks. Their body fat composition was measured at the start, middle and end of that time.
"We saw that they had a significant reduction in weight in the CLA group," says Gudmundsen. "It was about 2.2 pounds in 12 weeks."
However, the researchers found that overwhelmingly, this loss was from body fat, and didn't affect overall weight or body mass index. The 3.4-gram dose appeared to be the most effective, safest dose.